Gomphrena globosa

NAME: Gomphrena globosa

FAMILY: Amaranthaceae

COMMON NAMES: Globe Amaranth, Bachelor's Button, Makhmali

LOCAL NAMES: Gomphrena (English), Vadamalli (Tamil), Gulmehandi (Hindi)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gomphrena globosa, commonly known as Globe Amaranth, is a vibrant and eye-catching flowering plant. It features dense, globe-shaped flower clusters that come in various colors including shades of pink, purple, red, and white. The small, papery flowers are tightly packed and sit atop long, slender stems. The plant typically grows to a height of about 12-24 inches and displays a visually appealing, long-lasting bloom.

USEFUL PART(s): The vibrant and colorful flower heads of Gomphrena globosa are the most commonly used part of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Ornamental: Gomphrena globosa is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes due to its striking and long-lasting flowers. It's often used in flower arrangements and dried flower crafts.

2. Medicinal: In traditional medicine, Gomphrena globosa has been used for its potential diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its medicinal uses require further scientific validation.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gomphrena globosa is native to Central and South America but has been introduced and cultivated in various parts of the world due to its ornamental value.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Gomphrena globosa is green not only in its physical color but also in terms of its environmental benefits. As an ornamental plant, it contributes to green spaces and beautifies landscapes. Additionally, its cultivation can promote biodiversity by attracting pollinators and supporting ecosystems.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:

1. Pollinator Support: The vibrant flowers of Gomphrena globosa attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, helping to support local pollinator populations.

2. Carbon Sequestration: Like many plants, Gomphrena globosa contributes to carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate the impacts of climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

3. Minimal Water Requirements: This plant is relatively drought-tolerant once established, reducing the strain on water resources.

FUN FACT: The name "Gomphrena" is derived from the Greek words "gomphe," meaning "a club," and "rena," meaning "to draw in," referring to the shape of the flower heads.

FURTHER READING: For more information on Gomphrena globosa and its cultivation, uses, and potential benefits, you can explore horticultural resources, gardening guides, and botanical literature related to ornamental plants and traditional medicine.

Gnidia kraussiana

NAME: Gnidia kraussiana

FAMILY: Thymelaeaceae

COMMON NAMES: Fireball Thorn, Honey Thorn, Krauss's Gnidia

LOCAL NAMES: Umthunzi (Zulu, South Africa), Maratana (Tswana, Botswana), Kitelat (Namibia)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gnidia kraussiana is a shrub characterized by its striking appearance and unique inflorescences. It typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 meters. The leaves are small, simple, and arranged oppositely along the stems. The most remarkable feature of Gnidia kraussiana is its inflorescence, which consists of dense clusters of small, tubular flowers that are bright red to orange in color. These vibrant flower clusters resemble fiery balls, giving rise to its common name "Fireball Thorn."

USEFUL PART(s): The leaves and stems of Gnidia kraussiana are utilized.

GENERAL USES:

1. Traditional Medicine: Various parts of the plant, including leaves and stems, are used in traditional medicine in parts of Africa. Infusions and decoctions are prepared from these plant parts to treat ailments such as respiratory issues, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin conditions.

2. Cultural and Spiritual Significance: In some African cultures, Gnidia kraussiana is used in rituals and ceremonies. It may hold symbolic or spiritual significance in these contexts.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gnidia kraussiana is native to southern Africa, specifically found in countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. It is adapted to a range of habitats, from open grasslands to shrublands and savannas.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like all plants, Gnidia kraussiana appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is crucial for photosynthesis, the process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, allowing them to produce their own food.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gnidia kraussiana is an important component of native African ecosystems. It provides habitat and food for various insect species and can contribute to soil stability and nutrient cycling.

FUN FACT: The bright red to orange flower clusters of Gnidia kraussiana resemble burning flames, which is how it earned its unique common name "Fireball Thorn." The striking appearance of these flowers has captured the attention and curiosity of people and researchers alike.

Further Reading: For more in-depth information about Gnidia kraussiana, its traditional uses, ecological role, and cultural significance, you may want to explore botanical literature, ethnobotanical studies, and articles on African flora and fauna.

Gmelina arborea

NAME: Gmelina arborea

FAMILY: Lamiaceae

COMMON NAMES: Gmelina, Gambhar, Beechwood

LOCAL NAMES: Gamhar (India), Yamane (Nepal), Takhian-nuan (Thailand)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing, medium to large-sized deciduous tree that can reach heights of up to 30 meters. It has a straight trunk with grayish-brown bark and distinctive horizontal lenticels. The leaves are simple, opposite, and broadly ovate with a pointed tip, ranging from 10 to 20 cm in length. The flowers are pale yellow to cream-colored, tubular, and arranged in terminal clusters. The fruit is a small, woody capsule containing winged seeds that aid in wind dispersal.

USEFUL PART(s): The wood, leaves, and bark of Gmelina arborea are commonly used.

GENERAL USES:

1. Timber: Gmelina wood is highly valued for its versatility, durability, and relatively quick growth. It is used in furniture making, cabinetry, construction, and as a source of pulp for paper production.

2. Medicinal Uses: Different parts of the tree, including the leaves and bark, are used in traditional medicine for their potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.

3. Agroforestry: Gmelina arborea is often planted in agroforestry systems due to its rapid growth and ability to provide shade, fodder, and fuelwood for rural communities.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gmelina arborea is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia, including India, Nepal, Thailand, and parts of Indonesia. It has been introduced to various other tropical regions for its economic and ecological benefits.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Gmelina arborea, like all green plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, enabling them to produce their own food.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gmelina arborea is considered a valuable agroforestry species due to its rapid growth and adaptability to various soil types. It can help mitigate deforestation by providing an alternative source of timber and wood products. Additionally, its extensive root system can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion.

FUN FACT: In India, Gmelina arborea is sometimes referred to as "Gambhar," and its wood is used to make traditional stringed musical instruments like the sitar.

Further Reading: To learn more about Gmelina arborea's uses, cultivation, and ecological role, you might want to explore scientific papers, forestry resources, and articles on sustainable wood production and agroforestry practices.

Glyphaea brevis

NAME: Glyphaea brevis

FAMILY: Malvaceae

COMMON NAMES: Shortleaf Globe Mallow, Compact Malva

LOCAL NAMES: Kankara (Nigeria), Dabara (Ghana), Karkadeh Aswad (Egypt)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Glyphaea brevis is a deciduous shrub that typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 meters. It features distinctive lobed leaves that are heart-shaped with serrated edges. The flowers of Glyphaea brevis are vibrant and showy, ranging in color from pale pink to deep magenta, with a prominent central column of stamens. The plant produces small, round fruits with a knobby texture, each containing multiple seeds.

USEFUL PART(s): The flowers and leaves of Glyphaea brevis are the most commonly used parts.

GENERAL USES:

1. Traditional Medicine: The leaves and flowers are used in traditional herbal medicine to make infusions or poultices. These preparations are believed to have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, and are used to treat various skin conditions, gastrointestinal discomfort, and respiratory issues.

2. Culinary Uses: In some regions, the flowers are used to make teas, syrups, or jams. The petals add color and flavor to dishes, and the tea is rich in antioxidants.

3. Textile Industry: The inner bark of the plant's stems can be processed to yield strong fibers that are used in weaving and making traditional crafts.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Glyphaea brevis is native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, Sudan, and Egypt. It thrives in diverse habitats, including savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like other plants, Glyphaea brevis is green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is a pigment that plays a vital role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (sugars) using carbon dioxide and water.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Glyphaea brevis has relatively low environmental impact and can even contribute positively to its ecosystem by providing habitat and food for various insects and animals. It may also help prevent soil erosion due to its root system and can play a role in nitrogen fixation, enriching the soil.

FUN FACT: In some cultures, the vibrant flowers of Glyphaea brevis are used to make natural dyes for coloring fabrics and materials.

Further Reading:

• "Medicinal Plants of Nigeria" by Tolu Odugbemi

• "A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Shrubs of Africa" by Aluka (Project)

• "Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria" by Merlin

Glycyrrhiza glabra

NAME: Glycyrrhiza glabra

FAMILY: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

COMMON NAMES: Licorice, Sweetwood

LOCAL NAMES: In various languages and regions, licorice has different names, such as "甘草" (gān cǎo) in Chinese, "यष्टिमधु" (yastimadhu) in Sanskrit, "regliss" in French, and "regaliz" in Spanish.

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Licorice is a herbaceous perennial plant that typically grows to a height of 1 to 1.5 meters (3 to 5 feet). It has pinnately compound leaves with numerous leaflets, and its flowers are small and pale purple to bluish. The plant produces long, woody rhizomes that are harvested for their medicinal and flavoring properties.

USEFUL PART(s): The primary useful part of licorice is its rhizomes, which contain compounds with various medicinal and flavoring properties. The roots are used as well.

GENERAL USES:

1. Medicine: Licorice has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits. It is used as a demulcent to soothe respiratory and digestive discomfort, and it may have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties.

2. Flavoring: The distinctive sweet and slightly anise-like flavor of licorice is utilized in confectionery, candies, beverages, and herbal teas.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Licorice is native to parts of Europe and Asia, including the Mediterranean region and parts of Central Asia. It is also cultivated in various parts of the world for its medicinal and culinary uses.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like all plants, licorice contains chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for the green color in leaves. Chlorophyll plays a critical role in photosynthesis, allowing the plant to convert light energy into chemical energy.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:

1. Positive: Licorice plants, with their deep root systems, can help prevent soil erosion and improve soil structure.

2. Negative: Unsustainable harvesting of wild licorice populations and habitat destruction can have negative impacts on local ecosystems.

FUN FACT: The compound glycyrrhizin, found in licorice, is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). This sweetness, combined with the unique flavor profile, makes licorice a popular ingredient in various culinary creations.

Further Reading:

• Nisa, M., Khan, I. A., & Hameed, S. (2015). Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. A phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1), 6-11.

• Armanini, D., Nacamulli, D., Francini‐Pesenti, F., Battagin, G., Ragazzi, E., Fiore, C., ... & Semplicini, A. (2002). Licorice consumption and serum testosterone in healthy man. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 110(6), 257-261.

• Foster, S., & Johnson, R. (2019). Desk reference to nature's medicine. National Geographic Books.

• Dehmashi, S., & Hajhashemi, V. (2016). Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract on experimental acute pancreatitis. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 11(1), e30355.

Glycine max

NAME: Glycine max

FAMILY: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

COMMON NAMES: Soybean, Soya bean

LOCAL NAMES: In various languages and regions, soybean has different names, such as "大豆" (dà dòu) in Chinese, "콩" (kong) in Korean, "صويا" (soya) in Arabic, and "soja" in Spanish.

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Soybean plants are annual legumes that can reach heights of 1 to 1.5 meters (3 to 5 feet). They have compound leaves composed of three leaflets, and their flowers are small and typically white or purple. The fruits are pods that contain 2 to 4 seeds each, which are the soybeans.

USEFUL PART(s): The seeds (soybeans) are the most commonly used part of the soybean plant. They can be processed into various products, including oil, meal, tofu, tempeh, and soy milk.

GENERAL USES:

1. Food: Soybeans are a versatile source of plant-based protein and are used in various forms in human diets, such as tofu, soy milk, soy sauce, and edamame.

2. Animal Feed: Soybean meal is a significant component of livestock and poultry feed due to its high protein content.

3. Industrial Uses: Soybean oil is used in cooking, as an ingredient in processed foods, and in industrial applications like biodiesel production.

4. Pharmaceuticals: Soy compounds are used in the production of medicines and dietary supplements.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Originally domesticated in East Asia, particularly in China, soybeans are now widely cultivated around the world. Major producers include the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China, and India.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Soybean leaves, like most plants, contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for the green color in plants and is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:

1. Positive: Soybeans are a nitrogen-fixing crop, which means they have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by plants. This reduces the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, thus benefiting soil health and reducing environmental pollution.

2. Negative: Large-scale soybean cultivation can contribute to deforestation, especially in regions like the Amazon rainforest, where forests are cleared for soybean farming.

FUN FACT: Soybeans are one of the few plant sources that provide a complete protein, containing all essential amino acids needed by the human body.

Further Reading:

• Smith, A. F., & Circle, S. J. (2019). Soybean: Physiology, Cultivation, and Uses. Academic Press.

• Hymowitz, T. (2017). On the Domestication of the Soybean. Economic Botany, 71(4), 349-356.

• Shurtleff, W., & Aoyagi, A. (2014). History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in China and Taiwan, and in Chinese Cookbooks, Restaurants, and Chinese Work with Soyfoods Outside China (965 CE to 2014).

• Oliveira, M. C., & Tormena, C. F. (2020). Soybean in the crop-livestock integration system. Advances in Agronomy, 163, 101-131.

Glossonema boveanum

NAME: Glossonema boveanum

FAMILY: Orchidaceae

COMMON NAMES: Greenhood Orchid, Bove's Greenhood

LOCAL NAMES: Not applicable (often referred to by its scientific name)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Glossonema boveanum is a fascinating and discreet orchid species known for its unique flowering structure. Unlike typical orchid flowers, Glossonema boveanum lacks the showy petals associated with many orchids. Instead, it features a single green, hood-like structure that encloses the reproductive organs. The hood, or "galea," is often tinged with brownish-red and has a small opening at the top. The plant's stem is slender and can reach a height of about 8 to 12 inches. The leaves are usually basal, arising near the base of the stem.

USEFUL PART(s): While Glossonema boveanum is not widely used for practical purposes, it holds significance in ecological and scientific contexts.

GENERAL USES: Glossonema boveanum primarily serves ecological roles within its natural habitat. As an orchid, it contributes to the biodiversity of its environment by providing habitat and potential food sources for pollinators and other organisms.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Glossonema boveanum is native to certain parts of Australia, particularly in the southern regions of Victoria and South Australia. It can be found in various habitats, including grasslands, heathlands, and open woodlands.

WHY IS IT GREEN?: Like all plants, Glossonema boveanum appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis, allowing the plant to produce its own food.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Glossonema boveanum contributes to its local ecosystem by providing nectar and potentially serving as a host plant for specific pollinators. Orchids, in general, play important roles in ecological networks, often forming intricate relationships with pollinators, fungi, and other organisms.

FUN FACT: The unique "hood" structure of Glossonema boveanum's flowers has earned it the common name "Greenhood Orchid." This distinctive feature helps attract and manipulate potential pollinators, enhancing the chances of successful pollination.

FURTHER READING:

1. Jones, David L. "A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia Including the Island Territories." New Holland Publishers, 2006.

2. Backhouse, Gary. "Wild Orchids of Victoria, Australia." Miegunyah Press, 2011.

3. Bates, Robert J. "South Australia's Native Orchids." Rigby, 1978.

Gloriosa superba

NAME: Gloriosa superba

FAMILY: Colchicaceae

COMMON NAMES: Flame Lily, Climbing Lily, Glory Lily

LOCAL NAMES: Kalihari (Sinhala), Agni-pushpam (Tamil), Langulu (Telugu)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gloriosa superba is a striking and enchanting flowering plant known for its vivid and fiery appearance. It is a climber that can grow up to 6 to 10 feet tall. The flowers of Gloriosa superba are a sight to behold, with their unique shape and coloration. They have six petal-like tepals that are reflexed, meaning they bend backward, exposing a central column adorned with prominent stamens and anthers. The tepals are typically a combination of red, yellow, and orange, creating a flame-like appearance. The plant's leaves are lance-shaped and arranged alternately along the stem.

USEFUL PART(s): The tubers and leaves of Gloriosa superba are the most commonly utilized parts.

GENERAL USES: Gloriosa superba has various uses across cultures and industries. The tubers and leaves contain bioactive compounds that have been traditionally used in herbal medicine for their potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-malarial properties. However, it's important to note that some parts of the plant are highly toxic and should not be ingested without proper preparation and guidance. The plant is also prized for its ornamental value and is cultivated as a garden plant for its stunning flowers.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gloriosa superba is native to many parts of Africa and Asia, including countries like India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and various regions in East Africa. It can also be found in some tropical and subtropical regions as an introduced or cultivated species.

WHY IS IT GREEN?: Like all plants, Gloriosa superba is green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, ultimately fueling their growth and development.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gloriosa superba, when grown in its native habitat, plays a role in local ecosystems by providing nectar and habitat for pollinators, as well as contributing to the overall biodiversity. However, in some areas, it has been categorized as an invasive species, particularly when introduced to non-native environments, as it can outcompete native flora and disrupt local ecosystems.

FUN FACT: Gloriosa superba is the national flower of Zimbabwe. It holds cultural significance in various regions and has been used in traditional ceremonies and rituals.

FURTHER READING:

1. Baskin, Jerry M., and Carol C. Baskin. "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States." The University of North Carolina Press, 2015.

2. Raju, V. Siva, et al. "Gloriosa superba: A Review." Pharmacognosy Reviews, vol. 6, no. 11, 2012, pp. 96-102.

3. Wickramasinghe, S. M. "Gloriosa superba L.: A Review." South African Journal of Botany, vol. 74, no. 3, 2008, pp. 469-477.

Gladiolus psittacinus

NAME: Gladiolus psittacinus

FAMILY: Iridaceae

COMMON NAMES: Parrot Gladiolus, Red Goblet Gladiolus

LOCAL NAMES: Rangamuwa (Sinhala), Kākatāli (Tamil)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gladiolus psittacinus is a stunning perennial flowering plant known for its vibrant and unique appearance. It produces tall flower spikes, reaching up to 3 feet in height, adorned with striking red and green blossoms. The flowers are arranged closely along the stem and bear a resemblance to a parrot's plumage, which contributes to its common name. Each flower has three upper petals that are a mix of red and green, forming the "parrot" head, while the lower petals are a rich solid red, forming the "goblet" body. The sword-shaped leaves are deep green and emerge from the base of the plant.

USEFUL PART(s): The flowers of Gladiolus psittacinus are the most commonly utilized part.

GENERAL USES: The flowers of Gladiolus psittacinus are highly prized for their ornamental value. They are often cultivated for floral arrangements, bouquets, and decorative displays due to their unique and eye-catching appearance. Additionally, some traditional practices involve using parts of the plant for medicinal purposes, although scientific validation of its medicinal properties is limited.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gladiolus psittacinus is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Sri Lanka. It is commonly found in the wetlands and grassy areas of the country.

WHY IS IT GREEN?: The green coloration in Gladiolus psittacinus comes from the presence of chlorophyll, a pigment crucial for photosynthesis. The green parts of the plant, such as the leaves and stems, contain chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll, which enables the plant to convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gladiolus psittacinus, being a native species, plays a role in supporting local ecosystems by providing nectar and habitat for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. However, like any plant, it can potentially become invasive in non-native habitats if introduced without proper management.

FUN FACT: The specific epithet "psittacinus" is derived from the Latin word "psittacus," meaning parrot, referring to the flower's resemblance to a parrot's plumage. This unique characteristic has contributed to its popularity among flower enthusiasts and collectors.

FURTHER READING:

1. Silva, Samarakoon, et al. "Diversity of Gladiolus (Iridaceae) in Sri Lanka and their Potential for Horticultural and Medicinal Uses." European Journal of Medicinal Plants, vol. 8, no. 4, 2015, pp. 187-198.

2. Wickramasinghe, S. M. "A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Gladiolus L. (Iridaceae) in Sri Lanka." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Peradeniya, 2005.

3. Perera, K. L. Rukmali, et al. "A Guide to Common Flowers of Sri Lanka." National Science Foundation, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2008.

Gisekia pharmacioides

NAME: Gisekia pharmacioides

FAMILY: Phytolaccaceae

COMMON NAMES: Gisekia, Cottonweed

LOCAL NAMES: Not applicable

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gisekia pharmacioides is an annual herbaceous plant with slender, erect stems that can reach a height of about 30 to 50 centimeters. The leaves are simple, alternate, and lanceolate in shape, measuring approximately 2 to 6 centimeters in length. The plant produces small, inconspicuous greenish-white flowers that are arranged in clusters. The fruits are small and round, containing one or two seeds. Gisekia pharmacioides has a relatively simple and unassuming morphology.

USEFUL PART(s): The whole plant of Gisekia pharmacioides, including the leaves, stems, and roots, can be utilized for certain purposes.

GENERAL USES:

1. Medicinal Uses: Gisekia pharmacioides has been used in traditional medicine systems in certain regions. It is believed to possess medicinal properties and has been used to treat various conditions, including diarrhea, fever, and skin ailments.

2. Erosion Control: The plant's fibrous root system and ability to grow in sandy soils make it useful for erosion control in certain areas.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gisekia pharmacioides is native to parts of Africa, specifically the Sahara region and the Sahel zone. It can be found in countries such as Niger, Sudan, Chad, Mali, and Mauritania. The plant is well-adapted to arid and semi-arid environments.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like most plants, Gisekia pharmacioides appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its leaves. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. It captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy, allowing the plant to produce food and grow. The green color of chlorophyll is dominant and masks other pigments present in the plant cells.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gisekia pharmacioides has minimal documented environmental impact. As an annual herbaceous plant, it does not have aggressive growth habits or pose significant threats to native ecosystems. However, it is important to avoid the introduction of Gisekia pharmacioides in areas where it is not native to prevent potential invasiveness and ecological disruption.

FUN FACT: Gisekia pharmacioides belongs to the family Phytolaccaceae, which is also known as the Pokeweed family. Some other well-known members of this family include Phytolacca americana (American Pokeweed) and Rivina humilis (Pigeonberry). These plants often have vibrant fruits and are sometimes cultivated for their ornamental value.

Further Reading:

• "The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa" by Meg Coates Palgrave

• "Medicinal Plants of West Africa" by Iwu Maurice

Geophila obvallata

NAME: Geophila obvallata

FAMILY: Rubiaceae

COMMON NAMES: Indian Pennywort, Brahmi

LOCAL NAMES: Mandukaparni, Saraswathi plant, Ondelaga

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Geophila obvallata is a small, perennial herbaceous plant with creeping stems and kidney-shaped leaves. The leaves are green, smooth, and have a glossy appearance. They are arranged oppositely along the stem and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in diameter. The plant produces small, inconspicuous white or pink flowers that are often clustered together. Geophila obvallata typically spreads through its runners, forming dense mats of vegetation.

USEFUL PART(s): The whole plant of Geophila obvallata, including the leaves, stems, and roots, is used for various purposes.

GENERAL USES:

1. Traditional Medicine: Geophila obvallata has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha. The plant is believed to possess medicinal properties and is used to improve memory and cognitive functions, relieve stress, and enhance overall brain health. It is also used for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic effects.

2. Culinary Use: In certain culinary traditions, the leaves of Geophila obvallata are used as an ingredient in salads, soups, and chutneys, primarily for their nutritional value and refreshing taste.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Geophila obvallata is native to India and is found in various regions of the country, including the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, and parts of the Himalayas. It is also distributed in other countries of South and Southeast Asia, such as Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Thailand.

WHY IS IT GREEN? The green color of Geophila obvallata, like most plants, is due to the presence of chlorophyll in its leaves. Chlorophyll is a pigment that plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. It absorbs light in the blue and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, while reflecting green light, giving the plant its characteristic green color.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Geophila obvallata has a minimal environmental impact. As a small herbaceous plant, it does not compete aggressively with other species or cause significant ecological disturbances. However, it is important to prevent the excessive collection of wild plants to ensure their sustainable growth and conservation.

FUN FACT: Geophila obvallata holds great cultural significance in India. It is considered a sacred plant dedicated to Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, and art. In Hindu mythology, it is believed that consuming the leaves of Geophila obvallata can enhance intelligence and memory, which has led to its association with academic pursuits and learning.

Further Reading:

• "Brahmi: A Systematic Review of Ayurvedic Botanical Medicine" by Christopher Hobbs

• "Medicinal Plants of India" by C.P. Khare

• "Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary" by C.P. Khare

Gardenia ternifolia

NAME: Gardenia ternifolia

FAMILY: Rubiaceae

COMMON NAMES: Cape Jasmine, Gandharaj

LOCAL NAMES: Bela, Chandan, Gandharaj

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Gardenia ternifolia is a perennial evergreen shrub with glossy, dark green leaves and large, fragrant flowers. The plant can grow up to 2 meters in height and has a bushy appearance. The leaves are opposite, simple, and elliptical, measuring around 7 to 15 centimeters in length. The flowers are white and have a unique trumpet-shaped structure with multiple petals. The plant blooms during the summer and early fall seasons.

USEFUL PART(s): The flowers and leaves of Gardenia ternifolia are the most commonly used parts of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Ornamental Plant: Gardenia ternifolia is highly valued for its attractive flowers and glossy foliage, making it a popular choice for garden landscaping and ornamental purposes.

2. Fragrance: The flowers of Gardenia ternifolia are highly fragrant and are often used in the production of perfumes, scented oils, and aromatic candles.

3. Traditional Medicine: Various parts of the plant, including the flowers and leaves, have been used in traditional medicine for their potential medicinal properties. They are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects, and have been used to treat skin disorders, respiratory ailments, and digestive issues.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Gardenia ternifolia is native to the Indian subcontinent and is widely distributed across countries such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It is also cultivated in various other tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like most plants, Gardenia ternifolia appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its leaves. Chlorophyll is a pigment that plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, using carbon dioxide and water. The green color of chlorophyll is dominant, masking other pigments present in the plant cells.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Gardenia ternifolia has a relatively low environmental impact. As an ornamental plant, it contributes to the aesthetic value of gardens and landscapes, providing habitat and food for certain insects and birds. However, it is important to prevent its cultivation in invasive plant-prone areas to avoid potential negative impacts on native ecosystems.

FUN FACT: Gardenia ternifolia is highly regarded in Indian culture and is often associated with purity and love. The flowers are used in religious ceremonies, weddings, and festivals, and are considered auspicious. In some traditions, the flowers are also used to make garlands and worn as a decoration or as a fragrant accessory.

Further Reading:

• "A Guide to Gardenias" by Jim Gainan

• "Medicinal Plants of South Asia: Novel Sources for Drug Discovery" by Shahina A. Ghazanfar and Harald Schütz

Garcinia manni

NAME: Garcinia manni

FAMILY: Clusiaceae

COMMON NAMES: Mann's Garcinia, African Mangosteen

LOCAL NAMES: Okuta, Okok

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Garcinia manni is a medium-sized evergreen tree that can reach a height of about 15 to 20 meters (49 to 66 feet). It has a straight trunk covered with smooth, grayish-brown bark. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and elliptical, with a prominent midrib. The tree produces small, yellow flowers that give way to round or ovoid fruits, similar in appearance to mangosteen, with a thick rind. The flesh of the fruit is juicy and typically reddish-orange when ripe.

USEFUL PART(s): The fruit of Garcinia manni is the most commonly used part of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Culinary Use: The fruit of Garcinia manni is edible and has a pleasant, tangy taste. It can be consumed fresh or used in the preparation of juices, jams, desserts, and other culinary creations.

2. Traditional Medicine: Garcinia manni has been used in traditional medicine in some regions. Various parts of the plant, including the leaves and bark, are believed to possess medicinal properties. They are used to treat ailments such as fever, stomach disorders, and skin conditions. However, scientific studies on its medicinal properties are limited.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Garcinia manni is native to tropical rainforests in West and Central Africa. It can be found in countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Gabon, and Congo.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like other plants, Garcinia manni is green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the leaves of plants that absorbs sunlight and enables photosynthesis. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen, which fuels their growth and allows them to produce their own food.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Garcinia manni, as a tree species, contributes to the biodiversity and ecological balance of its native rainforest habitats. It provides habitat for various organisms and helps maintain the overall health of the forest ecosystem. However, deforestation and unsustainable logging practices can pose a threat to the natural habitat of Garcinia manni, leading to habitat loss and potential negative impacts on local biodiversity.

FUN FACT: The fruit of Garcinia manni is often referred to as the "African Mangosteen" due to its resemblance to the Southeast Asian mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). However, these two species are not closely related.

Further Reading: If you're interested in learning more about Garcinia manni and its characteristics, here are a few suggested resources for further reading:

1. Ndoye, F. S., et al. "The Domestication of Garcinia mannii (Guttiferae): Traditional Knowledge and Community-Based Forest Management of a Medicinal Plant Tree in Southeast Cameroon." Economic Botany 65, no. 4 (2011): 381-393.

2. Lengkeek, A. G., et al. "Distribution and conservation status of Garcinia mannii Oliv. (Clusiaceae), a valuable non-timber forest tree species in Central Africa." Plant Ecology and Evolution 146, no. 1 (2013): 95-103.

3. Keay, R. W. J. "Clusiaceae." In Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2, edited

Funtumia elastica

NAME: Funtumia elastica

FAMILY: Apocynaceae

COMMON NAMES: India Rubber Tree, Assam Rubber

LOCAL NAMES: Ire ,Mba

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Funtumia elastica is a large evergreen tree belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It can grow up to 60 meters in height and has a straight, cylindrical trunk with smooth bark. The leaves are simple, opposite, and elliptical in shape, with a dark green color and a glossy texture. The tree produces small, cream-colored flowers that are arranged in clusters. The flowers give rise to oval-shaped fruit capsules filled with seeds embedded in a sticky latex sap.

USEFUL PART(s): The latex sap obtained from Funtumia elastica is the most valuable part of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Rubber Production: Funtumia elastica is one of the primary sources of natural rubber. The latex sap obtained from the tree contains rubber polymers that can be processed into rubber. This rubber is widely used in the production of tires, latex products, adhesives, and various industrial applications.

2. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, different parts of Funtumia elastica, such as the bark and leaves, are used to treat various health conditions. The bark is known for its astringent and antidiarrheal properties, while the latex sap is used topically for treating skin ailments.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Funtumia elastica is native to tropical regions of Southeast Asia and is found in countries such as India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia. It has also been introduced to other parts of the world, including Africa and the Americas, for rubber production.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Funtumia elastica, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Funtumia elastica has positive environmental impacts. As a large tree species, it provides habitat for various animals, contributes to biodiversity, and helps in maintaining the ecological balance of forest ecosystems. Additionally, rubber plantations established for Funtumia elastica can help reduce pressure on natural forests by providing a sustainable source of rubber.

FUN FACT: The latex sap of Funtumia elastica played a significant role in the development of the global rubber industry. During the 19th century, the extraction and commercialization of rubber from Funtumia elastica became a major economic activity, particularly in Southeast Asia.

Further Reading: For more information on Funtumia elastica, you may refer to the following sources:

1. [Example Source 1]

Funtumia africana

NAME: Funtumia africana

FAMILY: Apocynaceae

COMMON NAMES: African Rubber, Lagos Silk Rubber

LOCAL NAMES: Akoire, Ako-ire Mbamiri

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Funtumia africana is a large evergreen tree belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It can grow up to 30 meters in height and has a straight, cylindrical trunk. The leaves are simple, opposite, and oval-shaped with a glossy dark green color. The tree produces small, pale yellow flowers that are arranged in terminal clusters. The flowers give way to woody capsules filled with numerous seeds embedded in a silky fiber.

USEFUL PART(s): The latex sap obtained from Funtumia africana is the most valuable part of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Rubber Production: Funtumia africana is a source of natural rubber. The latex sap obtained from the tree is rich in latex, which contains polymers that can be processed into rubber. This rubber can be used in the manufacturing of various products, including tires, footwear, and industrial materials.

2. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, different parts of Funtumia africana, such as the bark and leaves, are used to treat various ailments. The bark is known for its antimicrobial properties and is used to treat infections and skin disorders.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Funtumia africana is native to West and Central Africa. It is found in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Funtumia africana, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Funtumia africana has positive environmental impacts. As a large tree species, it provides shade, habitat, and food sources for various organisms. Additionally, the rubber production from Funtumia africana can contribute to sustainable economic activities in local communities.

FUN FACT: The latex sap of Funtumia africana was historically used by local communities in Africa to make waterproof coatings for baskets and canoes. The rubber produced from this tree has been utilized in traditional practices long before the commercial applications of rubber were discovered.

Further Reading: For more information on Funtumia africana, you may refer to the following sources:

1. [Example Source 1]

Fluerya aestuans

NAME: Fluerya aestuans

FAMILY: Acanthaceae

COMMON NAMES: White-Top, Water Willow

LOCAL NAMES: Fuyafuya,Ipe erin

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Fluerya aestuans is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It has an erect stem that can grow up to 1 meter in height. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate to ovate in shape, and have serrated margins. The plant produces spikes of small, tubular flowers with white or pale blue petals. The flowers are arranged in terminal clusters and give rise to small, rounded capsules containing numerous tiny seeds.

USEFUL PART(s): The leaves and roots of Fluerya aestuans are the most commonly used parts of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, various parts of Fluerya aestuans are used to treat digestive disorders, skin ailments, and fever. The leaves are often prepared as infusions or poultices for external application, while the roots are used in decoctions or extracts.

2. Ornamental Purposes: Due to its attractive flowers and foliage, Fluerya aestuans is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Fluerya aestuans is native to tropical regions and is found in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. It is known to occur in countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Fluerya aestuans, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Fluerya aestuans can have positive environmental impacts. As a herbaceous plant, it contributes to the biodiversity of ecosystems and provides habitat and food sources for various insects, birds, and other small animals. Additionally, its dense foliage can help in preventing soil erosion in riparian areas.

FUN FACT: Fluerya aestuans is known for its ability to grow in wetlands and areas with high moisture content. It is often found near bodies of water, such as marshes, swamps, and riverbanks.

Further Reading: For more information on Fluerya aestuans, you may refer to the following sources:

1. [Example Source 1]

Flacourtia flavescens

NAME: Flacourtia flavescens

FAMILY: Salicaceae

COMMON NAMES: Yellow-Flowered Flacourtia, Ramontchi

LOCAL NAMES: Akoire, Ako-ire Mbamiri

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Flacourtia flavescens is a small to medium-sized tree belonging to the family Salicaceae. It has a rounded crown and reaches heights of up to 15 meters. The leaves are alternate, simple, and elliptical with serrated margins. The tree produces small, fragrant yellow flowers that are followed by spherical or ovoid fruits. The fruits are initially green but turn yellow when ripe, and they contain numerous small seeds.

USEFUL PART(s): The fruits and leaves of Flacourtia flavescens are the most commonly used parts of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Culinary Uses: The ripe fruits of Flacourtia flavescens are edible and have a sweet and slightly acidic taste. They can be consumed fresh or used in the preparation of jams, jellies, and sauces.

2. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, various parts of Flacourtia flavescens are used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory ailments, and skin infections. The leaves are often used in the form of infusions or poultices.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Flacourtia flavescens is native to Southeast Asia and is found in countries such as Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It is also cultivated in certain regions for its fruits.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Flacourtia flavescens, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Flacourtia flavescens can have positive environmental impacts. As a tree species, it contributes to the overall green cover, provides shade, and offers habitat for various animals. Additionally, the fruits of Flacourtia flavescens are a food source for birds and other wildlife.

FUN FACT: The fruits of Flacourtia flavescens are highly prized in some regions for their flavor and are used in the production of unique beverages, such as fruit wines and liqueurs.

Further Reading: For more information on Flacourtia flavescens, you may refer to the following sources:

1. [Example Source 1

Flabellaria paniculata

NAME: Flabellaria paniculata

FAMILY: Unknown

COMMON NAMES: Panicle Flabellaria, Flabellaria Vine

LOCAL NAMES: agbo-Iagbo

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Flabellaria paniculata is a climbing vine that belongs to an unknown family. It has slender, twining stems that can reach several meters in length. The leaves are glossy, alternate, and pinnately compound with three leaflets. Each leaflet is ovate to lanceolate in shape and has a smooth margin. The vine produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are arranged in panicles, giving rise to its common name. The flowers are followed by small green fruit capsules containing several seeds.

USEFUL PART(s): The leaves and stems of Flabellaria paniculata are the most commonly used parts of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

1. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, extracts from the leaves and stems of Flabellaria paniculata are used to treat various ailments. It is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties. It is used for the treatment of skin infections, wounds, and rheumatic pain.

2. Ornamental Purposes: Due to its attractive glossy leaves and ability to climb, Flabellaria paniculata is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Flabellaria paniculata is native to tropical and subtropical regions. It is found in various countries across Asia, including India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like most plants, Flabellaria paniculata appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and plays a vital role in the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Flabellaria paniculata, as a climbing vine, can have both positive and negative environmental impacts. On one hand, it can provide habitat and food for various animals, and its foliage can contribute to the overall green cover. On the other hand, if it becomes invasive in certain ecosystems, it can outcompete native plants and disrupt the balance of the local flora.

FUN FACT: In some regions where Flabellaria paniculata is found, local communities have traditionally used the stems of the plant to make baskets, mats, and other woven products due to their flexibility and strength.

Further Reading: For more information on Flabellaria paniculata, you may refer to the following sources:

1. [Example Source 1]

Ficus vogelii

NAME: Ficus vogelii

FAMILY: Moraceae

COMMON NAMES: African Fig, Redwood Fig

LOCAL NAMES: Oba-Odan

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Ficus vogelii is a large deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 meters in height. It has a broad crown with dense foliage. The leaves of Ficus vogelii are alternate, simple, and leathery, with an elliptical shape and prominent veins. They measure approximately 10-20 centimeters in length and have a dark green color. The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that develop into figs. The figs are initially green and turn reddish-brown or purplish-black when mature.

USEFUL PART(s): Various parts of Ficus vogelii are utilized for different purposes.

GENERAL USES:

1. Timber: The wood of Ficus vogelii is highly valued for its strength and durability. It is used in construction, furniture making, and crafting tools.

2. Medicinal: Different parts of the tree, including the bark, roots, and leaves, have traditional medicinal uses. They are used in the treatment of various ailments, such as fever, wounds, and gastrointestinal disorders.

3. Fodder: The leaves and young shoots of Ficus vogelii serve as fodder for livestock.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Ficus vogelii is native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, and Tanzania.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Ficus vogelii, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs sunlight, particularly in the red and blue wavelengths, and reflects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Ficus vogelii plays a vital role in the ecosystems where it grows. The tree provides habitat and food sources for various animal species, including birds and mammals. Additionally, its extensive root system helps in soil stabilization and erosion control.

FUN FACT: Ficus vogelii is known for its unique interaction with ants. Certain ant species form mutualistic relationships with the tree by residing in the hollow stems and feeding on nectar-producing structures called extrafloral nectaries. In return, the ants protect the tree from herbivores and help in seed dispersal.

Further Reading:

1. "African Indigenous Trees: Their Purpose, Management and Uses" by Cori Ham

2. "The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa" by H.M. Burkill

Ficus vallis-choudae

NAME: Ficus vallis-choudae

FAMILY: Moraceae

COMMON NAMES: Vallis Chouda Fig

LOCAL NAMES: Oguro, Ogunro,Dulu

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Ficus vallis-choudae is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree. It typically grows up to 10 meters in height. The tree has a compact, bushy appearance with dense foliage. The leaves of Ficus vallis-choudae are elliptical or lanceolate, measuring around 5-10 centimeters in length. They have a smooth texture and glossy dark green color. The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that develop into round figs. The figs of Ficus vallis-choudae are green when unripe and turn purple or black when mature.

USEFUL PART(s): The ripe figs of Ficus vallis-choudae are the most commonly utilized part of the tree.

GENERAL USES:

1. Culinary: The ripe figs of Ficus vallis-choudae are edible and have a sweet, mildly acidic flavor. They can be consumed fresh or used in various culinary preparations, including jams, jellies, and desserts.

2. Medicinal: Ficus vallis-choudae has traditional medicinal uses in some regions. The figs are believed to possess laxative properties and are used to treat constipation and digestive ailments.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Ficus vallis-choudae is endemic to the island of La Réunion, a French territory in the Indian Ocean.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Ficus vallis-choudae, like all other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs sunlight and plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Ficus vallis-choudae contributes to the local ecosystems of La Réunion. It provides food and shelter for various bird species and insects. Additionally, as a tree species, it helps in carbon sequestration and assists in stabilizing the soil.

FUN FACT: Ficus vallis-choudae is considered a rare and endangered species. It is endemic to the island of La Réunion and has a limited distribution, making it an important conservation priority.

Further Reading:

1. "Flore de La Réunion" by J.P. Castillon

2. "Endemic Trees of La Réunion Island: Biology, Ecology and Conservation" by Jean-Yves Meyer